Surgery is a medical procedure involving manual or instrumental techniques to investigate or treat pathological conditions, such as diseases or injuries. It aims to improve bodily function, relieve pain, or diagnose illnesses through precise interventions. Surgeons operate on various body systems, including the heart, brain, bones, and organs, using specialized tools and advanced technology. Procedures range from minimally invasive techniques, like laparoscopy, to major open surgeries requiring general anesthesia. Surgery may be elective, emergency-based, or life-saving, depending on the patient's condition. Preoperative planning, sterile environments, and postoperative care are critical for successful outcomes. Risks include infection, bleeding, or complications, but advancements in medical science continue to enhance safety and recovery. Surgical teams include surgeons, anesthesiologists, and nurses working collaboratively. Effective surgery restores health, extends life, and improves quality of living.